This database aims to become a comprehensive source of data on non-timber forest products in the South and Southeast region. It showcases those NTFPs in the six countries where EP partners have a presence, namely India, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Cambodia.
The database is more than just an online profile of NTFPs. Other interesting and lesser known information in relation to socio-cultural roles, management practices, and specific are recognised.
How to use this Database:
- Select a country whose NTFP sources you wish to view
- Check the list of NTFP sources below the map and select one you wish to view (note that some entries may not yet have photos)
- View the dialogue box beside the map to see more information about the selected NTFP source
India
Select an NTFP product below to learn about its uses in India
Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. = Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
Common Name: Aalgeda
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Abelmoschus multibatus Merr.
Common Name: Ambba a dakaket
Family: Malvaceae
Euphorbia hirta Linn. =
Common Name: Ajil geda
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Albizzia odoratissima (Benth.) = Mimosa odoratissima (Roxb.Cor.)
Common Name: albizia
Family: Mimosoidae
Polygonum barbatum L. syn Polygonum stagninum Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.
Common Name: Atlari
Family: Atlari
TDXX
Common Name: ATTT
Family: FAM
Ficus dalhousiae Miq.
Common Name: Attukoli
Family: Attukoli
Anogeissus latifolia (Wallich ex Guill. Perr) = Conocarpus latifolia DC.
Common Name: axlewood
Anisomeles malabarica (Linn.) R.Br. ex Sims = Nepeta malabarica Linn.
Common Name: Baathy
Family: Lamiacea
Dodonea angustifolia L.f.
Common Name: Barali
Family: Sapindaceae
Excoecaria crenulata Wt.
Common Name: Bavaceae
Family: Bavaceae
Dioscorea oppositifolia Linn.
Common Name: Bekkil gaasu
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Lantana wightiana Wallich ex Gamble = Lantana indica Roxb., var abliflora Wt.
Common Name: Bellai paralei
Family: Bellai paralei
Fagrea obovata, Wall = Fagrea coromandelina, Wt. Ic Fagrea ceilanica Thunb.
Common Name: Bhoodambe
Family: Bhoodambe
Eleocarpus variabilisEleocarpus oblongus Gaertn.
Common Name: Bicki maram
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Dioscorea tomentosa J. Koenig ex Sprengel.
Common Name: Billia Noorai
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Bischofia javanica Blume = Microelus roeperianus W. & A.
Common Name: Bishop wood
Family: Bischofiaceae
Derris benthamii, Thw. = Derris Paniculata, Benth Derris wightii, Bak.
Common Name: Biskatti kodi
Family: Fabaceae
Canarium strictum Roxb.
Common Name: black dammar, black dhup, Indian white mahogany
Family: Burseraceae
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Linn.
Common Name: Blue Porterweed
Family: Blue Porterweed
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. syn Aristolochia bracteata Retz.
Common Name: Bracteated birthwort
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.
Common Name: Buruve maram
Family: Fabaceae
Canthium dicoccum (gaertner) Teijsm. & Binnend. = Plectronia didydma Kurz. = Psydrax dicoccos Ga
Common Name: Butulang Canthium
Murraya Paniculata (Linn.) Jack = Murraya exotica Linn
Common Name: Chedichi
Family: Chedichi
Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. = Acacia concinna (DC.) = Acacia rugata (Buch-Ham ex. Benth)
Common Name: chikakai, piquant sappan, sappan, soap pod, soap nut
Saccopetalum tomentosum (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thomas syn Millusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclairsyn Uvaria tomentosa Roxb.
Common Name: Chilkadadu
Family: Chilkadadu
Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels = Syzygium jambolanum DC Myrtus jambolana Lam
Common Name: Chinna naera
Family: Chinna naera
Abrus precatorius (Linn.)
Common Name: Crab's Eye
Family: Fabaceae
Alstonia venenata R. Br.
Common Name: devil tree
Terminalia bellerica (Gaertner) Roxb. = Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn.
Common Name: Dhandi
Family: Dhandi
Bambusa arundinacea Willd = Bambos arundinacea Retz.
Common Name: Dodda bidur
Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb. = Caesalpinia crista Linn. Guilandia bonducella, Linn.
Common Name: Dodda gumbullu
Aristolochia tagala Cham. = Aristolochia acuminata, Roxb. Aristolochia roxburghiana, Klotzsch
Common Name: Doddakologonda
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Chloroxylon swietenia (DC.)= Swietenia chloroxylon (Roxb.)
Common Name: East Indian Satinwood, Ceylon Satinwood
Chloroxylon swietenia (DC.)= Swietenia chloroxylon (Roxb.)
Common Name: East Indian Satinwood, Ceylon Satinwood
Stenosiphonium parviflorum T.Anderson
Common Name: Ebbu Kaatai
Family: Ebbu Kaatai
Stenosiphonium parviflorum T.Anderson
Common Name: Ebbu Kaatai
Family: Ebbu Kaatai
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson = Limonia crenulata Roxb. L. acidissima W. & A.
Common Name: Eelelai maram
Family: Eelelai maram
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson = Limonia crenulata Roxb. L. acidissima W. & A.
Common Name: Eelelai maram
Family: Eelelai maram
Cycas circinalis Linn.
Common Name: Eendh
Dalbergia sisssoo Roxb.
Common Name: Eetti
Combretum albidum Don = Combretum ovalifolium Roxb.
Common Name: Erai Kodi
Caryota urens
Common Name: fishtale palm, solitary fishtail palm, toddy palm, wine palm or jaggery palm
Schefflera capitata Harms = Brassaia capitata C. B. Clarke Paratropia capitata W. & A.
Common Name: Gandu marali
Family: Gandu marali
Vernonia arborea Buch. Hamm. = Vernonia monosis C.B. Clarke
Common Name: Garagu maram
Family: Garagu maram
Diploclisia glaucescens (Blume) Diels = Cocculus macrocarpus, W & A. Cocculus glaucescens (Blu
Common Name: Gawaal roti
Sterculia urens Roxb.
Common Name: Gawala maram
Family: Gawala maram
Litsea insignis Gamble
Common Name: Geerunni
Family: Geerunni
Semecarpus anacardium L.f.
Common Name: Ghair maram
Family: Ghair maram
Cassia fistula = Cassia rhombifolia
Common Name: golden shower tree
Bridelia crenulata Roxb. = Bridelia roxburghiana Gehrm.
Common Name: gonjai
Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Common Name: Gooli
Family: Gooli
Madhuca indica J.Gmelin = Bassia latifolia Roxb.Cor. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbr. Var latifolia
Common Name: Illupai
Family: Illupai
Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.
Common Name: Itti
Family: Itti
Phyllanthus indofischeri Bennet = Emblica fischeri Gamble
Common Name: Ittu Nelli
Family: Ittu Nelli
Cassytha filiformis L.
Common Name: Jalendri
Myristica dactyloides Gaertner = Myristica beddomei King A Myristica laurifolia Hook.f. &Th.
Common Name: Jathikai
Family: Jathikai
Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn.
Common Name: Jhaala
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Shorea roxburghii Don = Shorea talura Roxb. Vatica laccifera W. & A
Common Name: Jhaala maram
Family: Jhaala maram
Atalantia monophylla (Linn.) orr. Serr = Atalantia flroibunda Wt. = Limonia monophylla (Linn.)
Common Name: kaadu imbi
Piper nigrum Linn.
Common Name: Kaadu kuruppai
Family: Kaadu kuruppai
Persicaria chinesis (L.) Gross = Polygonum chinese Linn.
Common Name: Kaakai karumba
Family: Kaakai karumba
Olean devoice Roxb.
Common Name: Kaar Kunhai
Family: Kaar Kunhai
Olea dioica, Roxb.
Common Name: KaarKunhai
Family: KaarKunhai
Sigesbeckia orientalis Linn.
Common Name: Kaasarikai
Family: Kaasarikai
Terminalia chebula Retz.
Common Name: kadukai
Family: kadukai
Helicteres isora Linn.
Common Name: Kaiguri
Family: Kaiguri
Wendlandia thyrsoidea (Roemer & Schultes) Steudel = Wendlandia notoniana Wall. Canthium thysoide
Common Name: Kainai
Family: Kainai
Ficus talbotii King
Common Name: Kal athi
Family: Kal athi
Grewia hirsuta Vahl
Common Name: Kale sedi
Family: Kale sedi
Sida acuta Burm.f. = Sida caprinifolia Linn.
Common Name: Kalgedale
Family: Kalgedale
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken = Schleichera trijuga Willd. Pistacia oleosa Lour
Common Name: Kalpoosa
Family: Kalpoosa
Gardenia gummifera L.f.
Common Name: Kambi/Kalkambi
Family: Kambi/Kalkambi
Acronychia pedunculata (Linn.) Miq. = Achronychia laurif
Common Name: kanale, kichapetti
Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntz = Elaeodendron glaucum (Pers.) = Manifera glauca (Rottb.)
Common Name: Kananeer maram
Erythrina stricta Roxb. = Erythrina indica Lam.
Common Name: Kaneeral maram
Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. F. & Thomson = Cyclea burmanni, Hook. F. Menispermum peliatum Lam.
Common Name: Karia battalai
Datura metel Linn. Datura fastuosa Linn.
Common Name: Karu umatha geda
Phoenix loureirii Kunth
Common Name: Keskil ullu
Family: Keskil ullu
Commiphora caudata Engl. = Protium caudatum W. & A.
Common Name: Kilea
Toona ciliata M. Roemer Cedrela toona Roxb.Cor.
Common Name: Kilinji
Family: Kilinji
Phyllanthus niruri Linn. = Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn.
Common Name: Kirunelli
Family: Kirunelli
Gloriosa superba Linn.
Common Name: Koda gaasu
Family: Koda gaasu
Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. = Trichosanthes lobata Roxb. Trichosanthes anguina Linn.
Common Name: Koda khomba
Family: Koda khomba
Elaeagnus kologa D.F.K. Schldl. = Elaeagnus latifolia Linn.
Common Name: Kolaga kodi
Meyenia hawatyneana (Wallich) Nees = Thunbergia hawtayneana Wall.
Common Name: Koli kotharkai
Family: Koli kotharkai
Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.
Common Name: Koligokka
Family: Koligokka
Ficus mollis Vahl = Ficus tomentosa Roxb. ex Willd.
Common Name: Kolli
Family: Kolli
Anamirta cocculus (Linn.) Wight & Arn. = Cocculus suberosus W. & A. Menispermum cocculus L
Common Name: Kollu Kodi
Cochlospermum religiosum (Linn.) Alsion = Cochlospermum gossypium DC. Bombax religiosum Linn.
Common Name: Koma
Premna latifolia Roxb. var. Mollisima C.B.Clarke =Cornutia corymbosa Lam.
Common Name: Kongu peethai
Family: Kongu peethai
Canna indica Linn.
Common Name: Koogai
Family: Cannaceae
Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm = Persea gratissima Gaert. Machilus macrantha Nees
Common Name: Kulamavu maram
Family: Kulamavu maram
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Bambos stricta Roxb.
Common Name: Kunna, Bamboo
Aristolochia indica Linn. = Aristolochia lanceolata, Wall
Common Name: Kunnakologonda
Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz = Hiptage madablota Gaertner Banisteria bengalensis L. Sp.
Common Name: Kurkathi
Family: Kurkathi
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban = Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn.
Common Name: Kuthira Kolalkku (spinach)
Ligustrum perrottetii A. DC. Ligustrum neilgherrense Wt.
Common Name: Kyoli
Family: Kyoli
Amaranthus lividus L. syn A. blitum L. syn A. gangeticus L. syn A. tricolor L
Common Name: Lal baji
Ficus tsjakela Rheede ex Burm.f.
Common Name: Maaki selai maram
Family: Maaki selai maram
Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam. var floribunda Gamble = Toddalia aculeate, Pers.
Common Name: Maaseegai Kodi
Family: Maaseegai Kodi
Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. = Cedrela mahagoni Linn.
Common Name: Magagany
Family: Magagany
Decalepis hamiltonii W & A
Common Name: Makaali gaasu
Breynia retusa (Densst.) Alston =Breynia patens, Rolfe Phyllanthus retusus, Densst.
Common Name: Malakani
Ficus macrocarpa (Miq.) Wt. = Pogontrophe macrocarpa Miq. Ficus amplocarpa Govindarajulu & Mas
Common Name: Malat sukkatti
Family: Malat sukkatti
Derris scandens, Benth = Dalbergia scandens, Roxb. Cor.
Common Name: Manali kodi
Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. = Adina c cordifolia Hook. F. Nauclea cordifolia Roxb.
Common Name: Manja kadambai
Family: Manja kadambai
Sansevieria roxburghiana Schultes & Schultes f. = Sansevieria zeylanica Roxb. Cor.
Common Name: Manji
Family: Manji
Schefflera stellata (Gaertner) Harms
Common Name: Maravi maram
Family: Maravi maram
Argyreia nervosa = Argyreia speciosa, Sweet Convolvulus nervosus Burm. F
Common Name: Meenigai kodi
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robinson syn Litsea sebifera Pers syn Sebifera glutinosa Lour.
Common Name: Menda
Family: Menda
Clerodendron serratum (Linn.) Moon = Volkameria serrata, Linn.
Common Name: Modathike
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC. = Glycosmis cochinchinensis Pierre. Limonia pentaphylla Roxb.
Common Name: Mollekulluki
Family: Mollekulluki
Plumbago zeylanica Linn.
Common Name: Molonda
Family: Molonda
Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. = Acacia caecia Willd. Mimosa torta Roxb.
Common Name: Mora sengai
Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) T.P.Ramamoorthy = Buchanania augustifolia Roxb. = Mangifera axillari
Common Name: morassi
Passiflora foetida Linn.
Common Name: Mosukkattaan
Family: Mosukkattaan
Clematis trilobata Heyne ex Roth.
Common Name: Murhari
Smilax wightii A. D. = Smilax Zeylanica Wt.
Common Name: Naasura kodi
Family: Naasura kodi
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. = Oxalis sensitive Linn.
Common Name: Nagaimudha
Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. =Periploca indica Linn.
Common Name: Nannari
Family: Nannari
Dumasia villosa DC. = Dumasia congesta W. & A.
Common Name: Neela Kundhi Kodi
Celastrus paniculatus ssp. Aggregatus K.T.Mathew
Common Name: Neemuthi kodi
Homonia riparia Lour. = Adelina nerifolia, Roth
Common Name: Neerbaige
Family: Neerbaige
Ardisia solanacea Roxb. = Ardisia humilis A.DC.
Common Name: neermuthi
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq,) Raven = Fussieu suffruticosa Linn.
Common Name: Neerthumbai
Family: Neerthumbai
Curculigo orchioides Gaertner = Curculigo malabarica C. brevifolia Wt
Common Name: Nella panai
Phyllanthus emblica Linn = Emblica officinalis Gaertn
Common Name: Nelli
Family: Nelli
Celtis tetrandra
Common Name: Nilgiri elm
Begonia malabarica Lam. =Diploclinium lindleyanum Wt. Begonia dipetala Grah.
Common Name: Nir Thandu Chedi, Ghaiya geda
Asparagus racemosus Willd.
Common Name: Nirmuthi Kodi
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
Common Name: Onnai
Family: Onnai
Celastrus paniculatus ssp. Paniculatus K.T. Mathew
Common Name: Paada kodi
Family: Celastraceae
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. = Nerium tinctorium Roxb.
Common Name: Paala maram Penpaalai
Family: Paala maram Penpaalai
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. = Trichosanthes palmate Roxb.
Common Name: Paatha kodi
Family: Paatha kodi
Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. = Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Sch. Periploca arborea Dennst.
Common Name: Pala maram
Family: Pala maram
Secamone emetica (Retz.) R.BR. ex Schultes = Periploca emetica Retz
Common Name: Palang kodi
Family: Palang kodi
Streblus asper Lour = Epicarpurus orientalis Bl
Common Name: Paruka maram
Family: Paruka maram
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.
Common Name: Patru baji
Miliusa velutina Hook.f & Th.
Common Name: Pedda-chika
Family: Pedda-chika
Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.
Common Name: Pela
Family: Pela
Gardenia resinifera Roth = Gardenia Lucida Roxb.
Common Name: Peria Kambi
Family: Peria Kambi
Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. Macaranga roxburgii Wt. Osyris peltata Roxb.
Common Name: Pokka maram
Family: Pokka maram
Sapindus emarginatus Vhal = Sapindus trifoliatus Hiern.
Common Name: Poosa
Family: Poosa
Passiflora subpeltata Ortega = Passiflora calcarata Mast.
Common Name: Potol kodi/Motori kodi
Family: Potol kodi/Motori kodi
Achyranthes aspera L.
Common Name: Prickly chaff flower
Oxalis corniculata Linn.
Common Name: Pulisorai
Family: Pulisorai
Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. = Debregeasia vilitina Gaud. Conocephalus niveus Wt
Common Name: Pullathi maram
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre =Pongamia glabra Vent. Cytisus pinnatus Linn.
Common Name: Punga maram
Family: Punga maram
Amaranthus paniculatus L. syn Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. incurvatus (Gren. & Gdr.) Brenan var. paniculatus (L.) Mansf.
Common Name: Pungai kirai
Sterculia guttata Roxb. ex DC.
Common Name: Putal
Family: Putal
Celosia argentea L. syn Celosia cristata L. syn Celosia coccinea L.
Common Name: Quail grass
Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston. = Zanthoxylum tetraspermum W. & A.
Common Name: Raang seengai
Family: Raang seengai
Shorea robusta Gaertn. f
Common Name: sal
Family: sal
Michelia champaca Linn
Common Name: Sapagai
Family: Sapagai
Boerhavia diffusa Linn. = Boerhavia repens Linn. B. procumbens Banks ex Roxb.
Common Name: Sarandai
Arenga wightii Griff.
Common Name: seembai
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. = Cipadessa Bl. Melia baccifera Roth
Common Name: Seergoli
Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC.
Common Name: Seethari
Family: Ranunculaceae
Rubia cordifolia Linn. = Rubia munjista Roxb.
Common Name: Sevali Kodi
Family: Sevali Kodi
Strychnos potatorum L.f.
Common Name: Silla
Family: Silla
Mucuna atropurpurea DC.
Common Name: Soniya kodi
Family: Soniya kodi
Mallotus philippensis Muell. Arg. = Rottlera tinctoria Roxb.Cor. Croton philippense Lam
Common Name: Sonori
Family: Sonori
Viburnum punctatum Buch.Ham.ex D.Don = Viburnum acuminatum Wall.
Common Name: Soonda maram
Family: Soonda maram
Solanum torvum Sw. = Heptapleurum stellatum Gaertn. Hedera obovata Wt.
Common Name: Soondakai
Family: Soondakai
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawler = Convolvulus obscures Linn.
Common Name: Soondi kodi
Family: Soondi kodi
parviflora
Common Name: Sooti kodi/Muthaagai kodi
Family: Sooti kodi/Muthaagai kodi
Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.
Common Name: Sora passi
Bauhinia tomentosa Linn.
Common Name: St. Thomas tree, Yellow Bauhinia, Yellow Bell Orchid Tree
Ficus drupacea Thumb.Ficus mysorensis Heyne
Common Name: Sukkoli
Family: Sukkoli
Meliosma arnottiana Wight
Common Name: Ulimukku
Family: Ulimukku
Cryptolepis buchananii Roemer & Schultes
Common Name: Ulusu Kodi
Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrader = Cucumis colocynthis, Linn.
Common Name: Vanasura kodi
Passiflora leschenaultia DC.
Common Name: Vaval kodi
Family: Vaval kodi
Mussaenda hirsutissima Hutch. = Mussaenda frondosa L. var. hirsutissima Hook.
Common Name: Vella Thumbai
Family: Vella Thumbai
Rubus niveus Thumb = Rubus lasiocarpus Sm.
Common Name: Vellai mooli
Family: Vellai mooli
Vetiveria zizaniooides Nash = Andropogon squarrosus Hack. Phalaris zizanoides Linn.
Common Name: Vettiver
Family: Vettiver
Ziziphus rugose Lam.
Common Name: Ziziphus rugose Lam.
Family: Ziziphus rugose Lam.
References:
- [ASEAN] Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 2020. ASEAN Guidelines for Sustainable Harvest and Resource Management Protocols for Selected Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Authors: Guerrero, MCS, Varghese, A., Conlu, M.T., San Jose, D. Jakarta, Indonesia.: ASEAN Secretariat
- Clements, T., John, A., Nielsen, K., & An, D. (2014). Impacts of protected areas on forest conservation and poverty in Cambodia. Conservation Biology, 28(1), 68–77.
- Cruz, L., Pulhin, J., & Gevaña, D. (2017). Non-timber forest products and community livelihoods in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 20(2), 50–60.
- Dao, T. H., & Hölscher, D. (2018). Impact of non-timber forest product use on tree communities in north-western Vietnam. Forests, 9(7), 431.
- Dugan, P., Carandang, A., & Reyes, K. (2020). Policy assessment of NTFPs in the Philippines. NTFP-EP Asia.
- Ismail, M. H., & Awang, N. A. (2018). The role of non-timber forest products in rural development in Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 30(4), 601–610.
- Kusters, K., Achdiawan, R., Belcher, B., & Ruiz Pérez, M. (2006). Understanding the role of NTFPs in Indonesia. International Forestry Review, 8(2), 1–12.
- McKenney, B., Chea, Y., Tola, P., & Evans, T. (2015). Focusing on NTFP livelihoods in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Development Resource Institute.
- Nguyen, T. V., Vu, T., & Zhang, B. (2020). Determinants of NTFP development in Central Vietnam. Forests, 11(1), 116.
- Shaanker, R. U., Ganeshaiah, K. N., & Bawa, K. S. (2017). Non-timber forest products in India: Conservation and livelihoods. Current Science, 113(6), 998–1004.
- Sujarwo, W., Caneva, G., & Guarrera, P. M. (2015). Ethnobotanical uses of NTFPs in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnobiology, 35(3), 387–405.
- Sundari, S., Latiff, A., & Awang, A. (2012). NTFP utilization among indigenous peoples of Malaysia. Malaysian Forester, 75(2), 137–148.
- Ved, D., & Goraya, G. (2008). Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India. NMPB.
